Pregnancy and Hemorrhoids: Causes, Symptoms, and Relief

Introduction: A Common Discomfort During Pregnancy

Pregnancy is a time of immense change, both emotionally and physically. Among the less talked-about yet prevalent issues during pregnancy are hemorrhoids—swollen veins in the rectal or anal area that can cause discomfort, pain, and itching. While not usually harmful, hemorrhoids can be frustrating and even painful for expectant mothers, especially during the later stages of pregnancy. Understanding why they occur and how to treat them is key to improving comfort and preventing complications.

What Are Hemorrhoids?

Hemorrhoids are enlarged blood vessels located in the lower rectum or anus. They can be internal (inside the rectum) or external (under the skin around the anus). Although they can occur in both men and women, the risk increases significantly during pregnancy due to physiological and anatomical changes.

Hemorrhoids may present with symptoms such as:

• Itching or irritation in the anal region
• Pain or discomfort, especially while sitting
• Swelling or a lump near the anus
• Bleeding during bowel movements
• A feeling of fullness or pressure in the rectal area

These symptoms can range from mild to severe and may occur throughout pregnancy.

Why Hemorrhoids Are Common in Pregnancy

Several factors related to pregnancy contribute to the development of hemorrhoids. The risk increases as the pregnancy progresses, particularly in the third trimester and during labor.

1. Increased Pressure on Pelvic Veins

As the uterus expands to accommodate a growing baby, it places pressure on the veins in the pelvis and rectum. This pressure slows blood flow from the lower body back to the heart, causing blood to pool and veins to enlarge—leading to hemorrhoids.

2. Constipation

Constipation is a common issue during pregnancy due to hormonal changes and iron supplements. Straining during bowel movements increases pressure in the rectal area, which can contribute to hemorrhoid development or make existing ones worse.

3. Hormonal Changes

Pregnancy hormones, particularly progesterone, relax the walls of blood vessels and slow intestinal movement. While this helps the body absorb more nutrients, it also leads to sluggish digestion and constipation, raising the risk of hemorrhoids.

4. Increased Blood Volume

Pregnant women experience a significant increase in blood volume to support the developing fetus. This added volume can strain the veins, including those in the rectal area, making them more susceptible to swelling and irritation.

5. Straining During Labor

The intense physical effort involved in pushing during vaginal delivery can cause hemorrhoids to form or worsen existing ones. Some women who didn’t experience hemorrhoids during pregnancy may develop them postpartum due to this pressure.

Managing Hemorrhoids During Pregnancy

Though hemorrhoids can be uncomfortable, they are typically manageable with conservative treatments. The goal is to reduce pressure, improve bowel habits, and relieve symptoms.

Dietary Adjustments

• Increase fiber intake through fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes to soften stools and promote regular bowel movements.
• Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day.
• Limit processed foods that can worsen constipation.

Bathroom Habits

• Don’t delay bowel movements when the urge strikes.
• Avoid straining or sitting on the toilet for prolonged periods.
• Use unscented, moist wipes or rinse with warm water instead of wiping with dry toilet paper.

Soothing Remedies

• Soak in a warm sitz bath for 10–15 minutes to reduce inflammation and ease discomfort.
• Apply cold compresses or ice packs to the affected area to relieve swelling.
• Use pregnancy-safe hemorrhoid creams or suppositories with your healthcare provider’s approval.

When to See a Doctor

Most hemorrhoids during pregnancy improve with home care, but medical attention may be needed if you experience:

• Persistent or severe pain
• Significant bleeding during bowel movements
• No relief from over-the-counter or home remedies
• Signs of infection, such as redness, warmth, or pus

Your doctor may recommend additional treatments, such as prescription medications or procedures to remove or shrink hemorrhoids if symptoms are severe or unresponsive to conservative management.

Preventing Hemorrhoids in Pregnancy

While not all cases can be avoided, certain lifestyle habits can reduce the likelihood of developing hemorrhoids during pregnancy:

• Eat a high-fiber diet and drink plenty of fluids to prevent constipation.
• Regularly engage in light and exercise like walking or prenatal yoga to improve circulation.
• Avoid sitting or standing for long periods; take breaks and change positions frequently.
• Sleep on your left side to reduce pressure on pelvic veins.
• Elevate your feet slightly when using the bathroom to ease bowel movements.

These minor adjustments can make a big difference in comfort and help maintain healthy bowel function throughout pregnancy.

Conclusion: Relief Is Within Reach

Hemorrhoids are a common and often uncomfortable part of pregnancy, but they don’t have to be a permanent burden. By understanding what causes them and taking simple steps to reduce pressure and improve bowel health, you can minimize their impact or prevent them altogether.

Talk to your healthcare provider if you experience symptoms or need help managing discomfort. With the proper care and attention, most pregnancy-related hemorrhoids can be treated effectively, allowing you to focus on a healthier, more comfortable pregnancy experience.